<p>Morgantown Historic District is a national historic district located near Marshall, Fauquier County, Virginia. It encompasses 7 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites in the Reconstruction-era African-American rural village of Morgantown. The district contains four dwellings, the Mount Nebo Baptist Church , an abandoned Morgantown School , a meat house, the ruins of an outbuilding, and a cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>New Baltimore Historic District is a national historic district located at New Baltimore, Fauquier County, Virginia. It encompasses 55 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure in the rural village of New Baltimore. The majority of buildings in the district are dwellings, ranging in date from the 1820s to the mid-20th centuries. Notable buildings include the Federal style James Hampton&#39;s Tavern , Eastview , and the New Baltimore School . The contributing structure is a one-lane bridge .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Orlean Historic District is a national historic district located at Orlean, Fauquier County, Virginia. It encompasses 51 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites in the rural village of Orlean. The district includes commercial buildings, churches, a post office, a former school, and multiple residences and their ancillary outbuildings that date from the late 18th century to the mid-20th century. Notable buildings include the Orlean Farm House , Smith-Hinkley House , the Anderson-Rector House and Store , the Greek Revival style Thorpe-Cornwell House, Jeffries Store , Orlean Methodist Church , Providence Baptist Church , and Orlean post office building .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Paris Historic District is a national historic district located at Paris, Fauquier County, Virginia. It encompasses 53 contributing resources in the rural village of Paris. The district includes primarily residences, although the district also includes some commercial buildings, churches, a former school, and a</p><br>
<p>cemetery. Fifty-two of the 53 contributing resources are already listed as part of the Crooked Run Valley Rural Historic District. Notable buildings include "Wagoner&#39;s Stand" (c. 1820), the Josiah Murray House (c. 1820), the William Peck House, Old Paris Meeting House (c. 1830), the Willis-Carr House (c. 1840), the former Rogers Store (c. 1850), and Trinity United Methodist Church (1892).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Sumerduck Historic District is a national historic district located at Sumerduck, Fauquier County, Virginia. It encompasses 19 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the rural hamlet of Sumerduck. The Reconstruction-era district includes dwellings that date from the late-19th to the mid-20th centuries, stores, churches, a post office, a school, and a public space for meetings. Notable buildings include the Tulloss House , the Henry Broadus Jones House also known as the Santa Claus House or the House of the Seven Gables , the restored Embrey-Mills House , the Steven Jacobs House , the Union Primitive Baptist Church , Sumerduck Baptist Church , a former school , and Sumerduck Trading Company .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Remington Historic District is a national historic district located at Remington, Fauquier County, Virginia. It encompasses 131 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 2 contributing structures in the rural village of Remington. The district consists primarily of late-19th- and early-20th-century</p><br>
<p>dwellings, churches, and commercial buildings that illustrate the towns growth and development. Notable buildings include the Rouse House (c. 1850), Remington Methodist Church (1872), St. Lukes Episcopal Church (1881), Remington Baptist Church (1884), the Daniels House (c. 1888), Remington Farmer&#39;s Co-op Building (c. 1903), Groves Hardware Building (1905), and the State Bank of Remington (1913).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Rectortown Historic District is a national historic district located at Rectortown, Fauquier County, Virginia. It encompasses 76 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures in the rural village of Rectortown. The district includes dwellings dating back to the 18th century, churches, a school, an Odd Fellows hall, a post office, multiple commercial buildings, and</p><br>
<p>several cemeteries that illustrate the towns growth and development. Notable buildings include the Maidstone Ordinary (c. 1763), the Rector-Slack Log House, the Ashby House (c. 1800), the Georg Mann House, The Brick Store House (c. 1840), Rectors Warehouse and Station (c. 1835), Denham, Maidstone, Rectortown United Methodist Church (1894), the Jackson-Grant House (1924), Slack&#39;s Store (1890), and the Mt. Olive Odd Fellows Lodge (1935).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. It is included in the Cromwell&#39;s Run Rural Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Upperville Historic District is a national historic district located at Upperville, Fauquier County, Virginia. It encompasses 75 contributing buildings in the rural village of Upperville. The district includes residential, commercial, and institutional buildings that mostly date to the first half of the 19th century. Notable buildings include the Joseph Carr houses , the Doctor Smith House , the United Methodist Church , the Upperville library , the Upperville Primitive Baptist Church  and the Baptist Church .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Warrenton Historic District is a national historic district located at Warrenton, Fauquier County, Virginia. When originally listed, it encompassed 288 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of the county seat of Warrenton. Notable buildings include the old Fauquier County courthouse , Fauquier County Administration Building , the former Fauquier County Public Library , Fauquier National Bank , "Paradise" , the Thomas L. Moore House , the James Caldwell House , the John Quincy Marr House , the Marshall Building , the California Building , old Town Hall , Warrenton Presbyterian Church , Ullman&#39;s Store, and "Mecca" . Also located on the district are the separately listed Brentmoor and Old Fauquier County Jail.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, with a boundary increase in 2024.</p><br>
<p>The nonprofit Experience Old Town Warrenton is an accredited organization by the National Main Street Program, located in the Warrenton Historic District. The nonprofit&#39;s mission is to foster and inspire an environment in Old Town Warrenton that enhances economic vitality while preserving the historic character of the community; and to promote a rich and appealing cultural atmosphere to live, play and do business.</p><br>
<p>Fauquier County Courthouse 2020a.jpgFauquier County Courthouse</p><br>
<p>Warrenton Municipal Building 2020a.jpgFauquier National Bank, now Warrenton Municipal Building</p><br>
<p>Warren Green Building 2020.jpgFormer Warren Green Hotel</p><br>
<p>Brentmoor 2020a.jpgBrentmoor</p><br>
<p>Monterosa 2020a.jpgMonterosa</p><br>
<p>The William Baumgardner Farm is a historic farmstead located near New Carlisle in Miami County, Ohio, United States. Constructed in 1857, the site remains typical of period farmsteads, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>William Baumgardner was one of Miami Countys wealthiest farmers, and his landholdings were among the countys widest. He was able to pay for the construction of the entire complex in 1857, including the house, a separate summer kitchen, one large barn for animal shelter and hay storage, a granary, a spring house, a barn for seed storage, and a carriage house. Comparatively few changes have been made to the complex, which accordingly remains among the region&#39;s best-preserved farmsteads from the middle of the nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>Baumgardner&#39;s house is a two-story brick building placed on a stone foundation. Chimneys sit on either end of the roofline, which is created by gables on either side. Both the side and the facade comprise three bays, with the middle bay of the facade occupied by a portico-sheltered door on the first story and a secondary door opening onto the portico roof on the second story. A single-story extension sits at the rear, causing the general floor plan to have the shape of the letter "T". Inside, the original features are still present. Buildings throughout the complex possess decorative features such as cupolas and miniature gables, giving the farmstead an appearance of architectural harmony. None of the buildings in the farmstead have been moved since their construction.</p><br>
<p>In early 1978, the Baumgardner Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its place in local history and because of its historically significant architecture. The complex comprises six contributing properties, all of which are buildings. The complex is one of three National Register-listed locations near New Carlisle, along with Olive Branch High School and Ollie&#39;s Tavern in Clark County to the east.</p><br>
<p>Oakley is a historic home and farm located near Upperville, Fauquier County, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built between 1853 and 1857, and is a -story, three-bay, T-shaped brick Italianate style dwelling with a cross-gable roof. The house sits on an English basement and features tall decorative paneled chimneys, semi-hexagonal bays in each gable end, a central two-story pavilion, and a glazed cupola. Also on the property are the contributing original smokehouse and an early building, possibly a tenant house.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by Colonel Richard Henry Dulany and the property is located near the site of the Upperville Colt & Horse Show first held in June 1852. It remains the oldest such event in America.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The International Temple, Supreme Assembly, Order of the Rainbow for Girls is a building in McAlester, Oklahoma, United States that serves as the headquarters for the International Order of the Rainbow for Girls. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 14, 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Order of the Rainbow for Girls was founded in McAlester on April 6, 1922, by Rev. W. Mark Sexson. From the initial installation class of 86 girls, the Order grew to 50,000 members in 1940. In 1941, the Order began plans for a larger office building that would serve as a memorial to those who had made the Order possible, and a shrine for members worldwide. The building was designed by the Tulsa firm Black and West, and the funds for the building were approved at the 1950 Supreme Assembly session. The contract for the construction was granted to the Dewey Loveall Construction Company in August 1950, and the cornerstone was Masonically laid on May 2, 1951.</p><br>
<p>The building was first opened to the public on November 18, 1951.</p><br>
<p>The Enterprise IOOF Hall, at 105 NE 1st Street in Enterprise, Oregon, is a historic building built in 1920 that was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2012, along with two others recommended by Oregons State Advisory Committee on Historic Preservation in October, 2011. The building served as a meeting hall for Enterprises chapter of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.</p><br>
<p>The building was deemed significant for having served as a social center for the community and as "a symbol of the importance once had in the welfare of the community before social service aid was available."</p><br>
<p>The Burnaugh Building, at 107 N. River St. in Enterprise, Oregon, was built during 1916–17 in Early Commercial style. It was commissioned by S. L. Burnaugh for renting; Burnaugh served as mayor of Enterprise in the year following its construction. It has served as a post office, a meeting hall, as a businessplace, and as a multiple dwelling. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>It is one of six buildings in Enterprise that was built of "Bowlby stone", a local tuffaceous rock; the Wallowa County Courthouse and the Record-Chieftain&#39;s plant building are the only other two surviving of the six.</p><br>
<p>The Bank of Starbuck, at Main and McNeil Sts. in Starbuck, Washington, is a historic building built in 1904. After the bank closed in the 1930s, it was taken over by the city for use as City Hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant as one of few surviving commercial buildings from the town of Starbucks heyday, after the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Companys main railway line came through in 1882. Its NRHP nomination also asserts it is a "fine example" of a small town bank in the USA west.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office-Valentine, at 348 N. Main St. in Valentine, Nebraska, was built in 1939. It has also been known as Cherry County Sawer Memorial Library Educational Service Unit 17, Media Center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991; the listing included one contributing building and two contributing objects.</p><br>
<p>It is one of 12 Nebraska post offices featuring a Section of Fine Arts mural. The $700 mural in the post office was both praised and panned when it was originally produced. Now the Valentine Media Center, operated by Educational Service Unit #17.</p><br>
<p>The Oats Park Grammar School, at 167 E. Park St. in Fallon, Nevada, is a historic school built in 1914. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>It was designed in 1914 by noted Nevada architect Frederick J. DeLongchamps, who in 1920 designed an addition as well; the school and addition were built in 1915 and 1921. It was deemed significant for its association with education in the state and for association with DeLongchamps.</p><br>
<p>It has also been known as Oats Park School and as Fallon Grammar School.</p><br>
<p>Blue Ridge Farm is a historic home and farm located near Upperville, Fauquier County, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The property includes a two-story, rubble stone Federal era farmhouse known as Fountain Hill House (c. 1791) and its associated outbuildings and two contributing sites; a one-story Colonial Revival-style stone house known as Blue Ridge Farmhouse (1935) and its associated outbuildings, and formal landscape features around it; two tenant houses (Crawford House and Byington House, c. 1903); and several buildings associated with the farm&#39;s horse breeding industry, including three large broodmare stables (c. 1903); two stallion stables (stud barns, c. 1913); training stables, and an implement shed.</p><br>
<p>The Blue Ridge Farmhouse was designed in 1933-1934 by Washington, D.C. architect Waddy B. Wood. Californian Henry T. Oxnard (1860-1922) built a horse breeding operation at Blue Ridge Farm in 1903.</p><br>
<p>Purchased by Rear Admiral Cary Travers Grayson in 1928, members of the Grayson family still own the property.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Dakota is a historic home located near Warrenton, Fauquier County, Virginia. The house was designed by architect William Lawrence Bottomley and built in 1928. It is a two-story, Colonial Revival style dwelling. It has brick facing over a masonry block core; a slate-shingled hipped roof; and a symmetrical five-bay facade with a centered entry with a classical surround. A one-story bedroom wing was added to the right of the house in 1948 and garage addition was added to the left of the house in 1948. Also on the property are the contributing original garage and a stable building. Dakota is located near the site of the former Horse Show Grounds outside of Warrenton.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Hopefield, also known as Brick House Place and Chestnut Grove, is a historic home located near Warrenton, Fauquier County, Virginia. The house was originally constructed around 1855 in the late Federal style. The mansion was altered in 1924, making it an unusual local example of the asymmetrical Colonial Revival style. Contributing resources include a brick summer kitchen ; a stone walled well , an icehouse with an iron door ; timber-framed, multi-purpose, drive-in crib barn ; and the beginnings of the designed landscape that evolved with Colonial Revival-style characteristics in the early-20th century. The pump house, built within a stone ha-ha wall, and the swimming pool date to 1924. A brick four-car garage and a tenant house for staff were constructed between 1928 and 1950 in the Colonial Revival-style. A house ruin on Cedar Run  joins the landscape as a contributing site.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Loretta, also known as Edmonium, is a historic home located near Warrenton, Fauquier County, Virginia. The house was originally constructed about 1800 as a two-story. single-pile dwelling. In 1907–1908, it was remodeled in the Colonial Revival style. It is a -story, L-shaped, three-bay, brick house with a hipped roof built over a raised basement. In addition to the main house the property includes a smokehouse, and a well, both of which date to the early 19th century; and two barns, a corncrib, and two tenant houses, which all date to the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Monterosa, also known as Neptune Lodge, is a historic home located in Warrenton, Virginia. The original house was constructed about 1847–1848, and is a -story, stuccoed brick house with a gable roof and side-passage plan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house has sustained several periods of alteration and now manifests the proportions and details of the Colonial Revival style. Also on the property are the contributing Italianate style brick stable (c. 1847); a brick smokehouse; and a two-story single-pile dwelling that dates from the late-19th century and is known as the Office.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Kamiakins Gardens were the first place to be irrigated in the Yakima River valley in central Washington state. Chief Kamiakin  was a leader of the Yakama Nation who sought to avoid conflict with European settlers and missionaries who started arriving in the region in the 1840s. Kamiakin directed that a ditch be excavated to nourish a plot near Ahtanum Creek, hoping to provide a sedentary existence for his people that would keep them out of conflict with the settlers. Crops included squash, corn and potatoes, fed by what became known to settlers as Kamiakins Ditch. In 1851 a Catholic mission was established near the creek.</p><br>
<p>Kamiakin&#39;s initiative to avoid conflict with the settlers proved fruitless, and Kamiakin became a leader during the Yakima War of the 1850s. The irrigated area was about 1,300 ft long, remnants of which remain visible and are still irrigated.</p><br>
<p>Kamiakin&#39;s Gardens were placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Knickerbocker and Arnink Garages were two attached stone buildings located on Hudson Avenue in central Albany, New York, United States. Both were built in the early 20th century; the Knickerbocker garage was added to the Arnink garage 12 years after it was built. In 1980, they were listed on the National Register of Historic Places; nine years later they were both demolished and delisted.</p><br>
<p>At the time, many garages were adapted from stables or carriage houses. The first to be built, the smaller, was instead adapted from an existing commercial building by the owner of a successful Ford dealership in the city for his car-rental and repair service. His superintendent later bought the business from him and had the larger one built in the same style by the same architect.</p><br>
<p>They were among the earliest structures in Albany built specifically in response to the increasing use of the automobile at that time. Their neo-Gothic cast stone facades are an unusual choice of style and material for that time. They may have been inspired by the nearby Delaware and Hudson Railroad office building, a contemporary catalyst for the redevelopment of downtown that is today the system administration building for the State University of New York.</p><br>
<p>One was later converted into a warehouse and used for that purpose until its demolition. That came about as part of a plan for two large office towers proposed for the neighborhood as redevelopment. Nothing has been built on the space since; it is used as part of a parking lot that serves another nearby redevelopment project, the Times Union Center.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The two garages were located on the south side of downtown Albany in a 0.75 acre lot on the south side of Hudson Avenue, midway between South Pearl Street (New York State Route 32) and Green Street. Today the land is, along with everything east to Green, a parking lot. The buildings of the Downtown Albany Historic District, including the city&#39;s oldest building 48 Hudson Avenue, are two blocks to the north and east. An 18-story office tower is located on the west.</p><br>
<p>Across the street is a large parking garage serving the Times Union Center arena and another old, commercial building to the northwest at the corner of Hudson Avenue and South Pearl Street. The arena is across South Pearl Street. To the south, just beyond Division Street, is the elevated South Mall Arterial, which leads from nearby Interstate 787 at the Dunn Memorial Bridge to the parking areas under Empire State Plaza.</p><br>
<p>Both buildings used a structural system of steel framing and reinforced concrete. The exteriors were brick faced in cast stone. The Knickerbocker, at 72 Hudson Avenue, was four stories tall; the Arnink&#39;s was three stories; both buildings were three bays wide and had flat-roofs. Different materials in the composite for the cast stone meant the Knickerbocker had distinct golden hue that resembled the color of sandstone while the Arnink was granite gray.</p><br>
<p>The upper fenestration of both garages was similar. The Knickerbocker&#39;s street entrance was a single, wide, pointed arch stretching across all three bays with separate entrances. Its window spandrels had decorative touches that were intended to mimic Gothic tracery. On the Arnink, every bay had a separate garage; the western one was slightly larger and each garage had a pointed-arch entrance with an original folding door and a metal lantern-style light above. Above it was a frieze that bore the inscription "Arnink Garage 1915" carved into the cast stone.</p><br>
<p>The garages were set with casement windows that continued with the large, pointed-arch windows in the upper stories. Between them the tracery continued. At the top of the Arnink were cast-stone finials shaped like bells.</p><br>
<p>At the time they were listed on the Register, the Knickerbocker was used a Hertz rental-car location and a vertical, illuminated sign with the company name was affixed to the facade. This was the only significant modification to either building during their lifetimes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1914, a downtown redevelopment plan based on City Beautiful movement principles led to the construction of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad&#39;s (D&H) new headquarters, today the State University of New York (SUNY) System Administration Building. The Flemish Gothic edifice by local architect Marcus T. Reynolds, closely copied from the Cloth Hall in Ypres, Belgium, was meant to be a focal point for traffic coming down from Capitol Hill to the west via State Street. To further this goal, the industrial structures along the riverfront behind it were demolished.</p><br>
<p>The new building drew much praise, and local merchants and businessmen were inspired to emulate it in their own. Henry Arnink, a local dealer of Ford Model T&#39;s, had expanded his business to include repair and rental services by that time. He bought the existing three-story structure at 74 Hudson and renovated and expanded it. Local architect J. Walter Montross oversaw the project, designing a cast stone Gothic exterior that may have been intended to echo the nearby D&H Building.</p><br>
<p>Twelve years after Arnink moved into the new building he sold the business to his superintendent, Harry Knickerbocker. Wanting to expand the business, Knickerbocker again commissioned Montross. The second garage was similar to the first in decoration and overall form, save for an extra story at the top. It differed in its wide single garage at the street level with no text and lacked the roofline finials.</p><br>
<p>In 1947 Knickerbocker sold the Arnink garage to another concern, which converted it into a warehouse. Both buildings were still in use for those businesses at the time they were listed on the Register three decades later. Knickerbocker had by then become a franchisee of the Hertz car-rental chain, which necessitated placing a large series of illuminated signs with that company&#39;s name letter by letter down the two stories above the garage, between the eastern bays. That would be the only significant change made to either building following their construction.</p><br>
<p>By the late 1980s the neighborhood had changed. Another Register-listed property nearby, the Abrams Building, had been demolished to clear the way for a new arena, now known as the Times Union Center. In 1988 plans for two large office towers at the corner of South Pearl and Hudson were approved by the city. While the two garages did not overlap the new buildings&#39; footprint, it was necessary to demolish them anyway to provide enough parking. That was accomplished in early 1989; they were delisted a month later.</p><br>
<p>Belle Grove is a historic home and farm located near Delaplane, Fauquier County, Virginia. The manor house was built about 1812, and is a -story, five-bay, brick and stuccoed stone house in the Federal style. It has a -story, three-bay summer kitchen, built about 1850, and connected to the main house by a hyphen. Also on the property are the contributing meat house ; the barn ; a chicken house ; a cattle shed ; a loafing shed ; machine shed ; a four-foot square, stone foundation ; stone spring house ruin ; the Edmonds-Settle-Chappelear Cemetery ; an eight-by-twelve-foot stone foundation ; a tenant house ruin ; a stone well at the manor house ; and a loading chute .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Woodside is a historic home located near Delaplane, Fauquier County, Virginia. The oldest section was built about 1800, and is located in the rear. It is of hewn log construction , clad with a brick veneer in the mid-20th century and connected to the main house by a hyphen. The main house was built in 1848, and is a two-story, three-bay, brick structure in a vernacular Greek Revival style. Also on the property are the contributing log kitchen and a log smokehouse, both built about 1800.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Yorkshire House is a historic home located at Warrenton, Fauquier County, Virginia. It was built in 1938–1939, and is a two-story, 13 bay, brick dwelling in the Modern Movement style. It features a low-pitched slate roof, a horizontal emphasis, a curved corner with continuous steel windows, a large glass block window, an elliptical bay window with steel casements and a foliated, geometric, metal balustrade on the rear balcony. Also on the property are the contributing brick and-</p><br>
<p>stucco garage, a banked stone pump house, and a frame storage shed (c. 1939). and</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005."</p><br>
<p>The Oaks, also known as Innes Hill, is a historic home and farm located near Warrenton, Fauquier County, Virginia. The house was built between 1931 and 1933, and consists of a 1 to -story, five-bay, Classical Revival style main block with a four-part plan. The attached sections are a one-story pantry and kitchen wing and garage attached by a four-bay arcade. The main block features a prominent two-story, four-bay, pedimented portico has four extraordinary fluted Tower of the Winds columns. Also on the property are the contributing Italianate style brick stable ; a brick smokehouse; and an agents cottage, tile barn, corn house, spring house and summerhouse built between 1928 and 1930; garage with servants quarters, greenhouse, log cabin, potato house, pump house, chicken house and field shed built between 1931 and 1945; the mansion landscape and scene of the 1881 duel; and a windmill. In September 1881, it was the site of one of the last four duels in Virginia, prior to enactment of anti-duel legislation in 1882.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Snow Train Rolling Stock, located in Railroad Heritage Park in Laramie, Wyoming, consists of five pieces of Union Pacific Railroad rolling stock. The five vehicles, which are a snow plow, locomotive, tender, bunk car, and caboose, form a snow train, a type of train used to clear snow from rail lines. The snow plow was built as a tender and converted to a wedge-shaped plow in 1953. The locomotive was built in 1903 and served in Wyoming from 1947 to 1957; it served as part of snow trains in 1949 during a blizzard. The bunk car was originally built as an automobile car in 1929 and became a bunk car in 1955; after its retirement, it served as a ticket office for the Wyoming Colorado Railroad. The tender was built between 1907 and 1920, and the caboose was built in 1955.</p><br>
<p>Wyoming snow trains did not function as pre-assembled units and were generally put together when they were needed to clear snow. While these five pieces of rolling stock probably never operated together as a snow train, they are nonetheless representative of Wyoming snow trains. The pieces were moved to the park in 2011 from various locations around Laramie.</p><br>
<p>The Snow Train Rolling Stock was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 8, 2013.</p><br>
<p>Ponderosa Lodge at La Foret Conference and Retreat Center is a historic lodge in Black Forest, Colorado. It is a National Register of Historic Places listing and is on the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lodge was built in 1928 as Alice Bemis Taylor&#39;s summer retreat.</p><br>
<p>Designed by Jules Jacques Benoit Benedict, the summer home was similar to other mountain homes that he designed, using "native construction material", including ponderosa pine from Pikes Peaks western slope, and displaying "the finest craftsmanship." One of Benedicts signature elements is the grand staircase in the main hall. He also designed an "elaborate fireplace", with custom iron work. Ponderosa Lodge is one of the properties submitted as multiple submission of Benedict&#39;s work for the Colorado Register of Historic Properties.</p><br>
<h2>La Foret</h2><br>
<p>Ponderosa Lodge is one of two historic properties located in the La Foret Conference and Retreat Center. The Taylor Memorial Chapel is also on the National Register of Historic Places. The center is located on 400 acres of meadows and Ponderosa pines.</p><br>
<p>The center had originally been a 500-acre summer estate of Alice Bemis Taylor, a philanthropist and an important Colorado Springs family. Mrs. Taylor held artist-in-residence programs on the estate she called La Foret. The Taylor Memorial Chapel was built one year after the lodge as a memorial to her husband, Frederick Morgan Pike Taylor. Alice Taylor died in 1942 and the property was deeded to the Colorado Congregational Church by the Bemis Taylor Foundation. The center is now open to United Church of Christ members, other denominations and organizations. La Foret now has a number of cabins, a dining hall, sports fields and courts, and outdoor theater seating.</p><br>
<h2>Black Forest fire</h2><br>
<p>Ponderosa Lodge and other buildings at La Foret Conference and Retreat Center were spared from the Black Forest fire (June, 2013), at least partly due to mitigation efforts.</p><br>
<p>The retreat center created the "Black Forest Strong" organization to serve as a resource to the recuperating Black Forest community. The seven point plan includes grief counseling, serving as a community resource center, providing aid to victims and organizing events. In addition, the plan includes preservation, reseeding efforts, and mitigation training and services.</p><br>
<p>Melrose, also known as Melrose Castle, is a historic home located near Casanova, Fauquier County, Virginia. The house was built between 1856 and 1860, and is a two-story, five-bay, L-shaped Gothic Revival style dwelling. It features a three-story-octagonal tower in the center bay and castellation along the parapet. The house was enlarged considerably around 1920 through a large addition to the west end for expanded service areas.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built between 1856 and 1860, Melrose was built by Dr. James H. Murray and his brother Edward Murray. They named the castle after Melrose Abbey, a castle in their ancestral home of Scotland. In April 1862, Melrose was occupied by Union soldiers during the American Civil War, and later served as a hospital.</p><br>
<p>The property was first sold in December 1863 and then changed hands many times. In 2017 the 9,000-square-foot house and 50-acre wooded lot was listed for sale at $2.2 million.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural references</h2><br>
<p>A visit to Melrose Castle inspired mystery writer Mary Roberts Rinehart to write her first bestselling novel, The Circular Staircase (1908).</p><br>
<p>Weston is a historic home and farm located near Casanova, Fauquier County, Virginia. The original section of the house was built about 1810, with additions made in 1860, 1870, and 1893. The original section was a simple, -story, log house. A -story frame and weatherboard addition was built in 1860, and a -story frame and weatherboard rear ell was added in 1870. In 1893, a two-story frame and weatherboard addition was built, making the house L-shaped. This section features a steeply-pitched gable roof with gable dormers and decoratively</p><br>
<p>sawn bargeboards and eaves trim—common characteristics of the Carpenter Gothic style. Also on the property are a number of contributing 19th century outbuildings including the kitchen / wash house, smokehouse, spring house, tool house, blacksmith shop, stable, and barn. Weston is open as a house and farm museum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Kinjockity Ranch, also known as Lanteen Ranch, is a Pueblo Revival style residence in Cochise County, Arizona, originally built in 1939-1940 for Rufus Riddlesbarger, a wealthy Chicago businessman. It is a notable example of Pueblo Revival style, executed in adobe with richly detailed interiors and hand-made hardware. The house was designed by Edward C. Morgan, an architect from Phoenix who specialized in what he called "the Mexican style." The interiors were decorated and embellished by illustrator and sculptor Raymond Phillips Sanderson, who had collaborated with Morgan on previous commissions.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The ranch is about 15 mi southeast of Sierra Vista, Arizona, and originally comprised 618 acre. Its primary structures are the main house, the guest house, and the foremans house. The main and guest houses have a marked "handmade" appearance, while the foremans house is of the same style, but with less attention to detail. Several outbuildings complete the ensemble. Additional structures, not included in the National Register boundaries, included an adobe entrance arch on the driveway, barn, an adobe-walled corral, a four-hole irrigated golf course, and a pump house. An airstrip, located about 2.5 mi to the southeast, featured a hangar and another corral. The land is generally level grassland with occasional trees and a view of the Huachuca Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The main house is a rambling, mostly one-story structure with the main public rooms laid out in line, starting at the south end with service areas, the kitchen and the pantry. The dining room adjoins the kitchen, with a projecting round breakfast room on the east side, then an entry room with a fireplace and a living room with a fireplace. An office is located above the entry room, reached by an exterior stairway. A bedroom wing is appended to the north side of the living room, extending to the east with a guest bedroom and master bedroom and attendant bathrooms and closets, both with rounded projecting bays. The guest house features a "kiva room," circular in shape and resembling a Native American kiva, then an entry, a living room, a small kitchen and a bedroom and bath. The foreman&#39;s house is roughly square in arrangement, with living room, dining room, kitchen and three bedrooms, and porches on three sides. Exterior walls are rounded adobe with irregular parapets and projecting vigas.</p><br>
<p>Sanderson&#39;s artwork features motifs borrowed from Native American themes, with the strongest resemblance to Navajo art. Sanderson executed painted wall decorations, carved doors, tiles, light fixtures and door and cabinet hardware. The adapted style has been described as "pueblo Deco."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rufus Riddlesbarger was a former airmail pilot who invented a contraceptive diaphragm device in the 1930s. His company, Lanteen Laboratories, was a success and Riddlesbarger acquired the land for his ranch in 1937 with some of the proceeds. Riddlesbarger had intended to make the Lanteen Ranch his primary home, but sold the property in 1947 to Margaret W. Herschede of Cincinnati, Ohio. Riddlesbarger moved to Tucson, where he ran into trouble in 1948 over a relationship with an underage house servant, eventually leaving the United States. Herschede and her husband used the ranch as a working cattle ranch and lived on the site. The ranch was sold in 1972, following the deaths of the Herschedes, for subdivision and development. Some lots were sold, but the houses were eventually sold without land to another company in 1985. In 1990 Evans and Olga Guidroz bought the buildings and 298 acre of land and resumed ranching. The ranch is presently known as Kinjockity Ranch.</p><br>
<p>Kinjockity Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 19, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The OK Theatre, at 208 W. Main Street in Enterprise, Oregon, is a historic building that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1918 and featured—new for its area and time—a sloped seating section so that theatre-goers would have unobstructed views.</p><br>
<p>It was renamed to the Vista Theater in about 1933. It was bought in 2001 by new owners who restored its original name, and who operated it until 2008. After 90 years of operation the OK Theatre was closed in 2008, leaving Wallowa County, Oregon without a single open theatre. The building was offered for sale, together with two businesses and apartment rentals, for $240,000 Part-time locals Bill and Melisa Bush, along with their son Gabriel bought The OK in 2009. During their four years with this institution, they brought back up to date movies, foreign and art movie nights, special needs movie screenings, theatre productions, charity events, high school events and much more. The Ruby Peak 48 Hour Film Festival was established during this time. The building was also placed on the Historic Register.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the Bushes returned to international teaching and sold the theatre.</p><br>
<p>The theatre was purchased in the fall of 2013 and has returned to its roots as primarily a music and theater hall. The theatre has hosted such acts from blues to bluegrass, indie to experimental with bands such as The Infamous String Dusters, Rick Estrin and the Nightcats, and Mount Eerie as well various children&#39;s theater production and community events.</p><br>
<p>Taylor Memorial Chapel at La Foret Conference and Retreat Center is a historic chapel in Black Forest, Colorado. It is a National Register of Historic Places listing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The chapel was built in 1929 as a memorial to Alice Bemis Taylors husband, Frederick Morgan Pike Taylor. Designed by John Gaw Meem on the property of Taylors summer home, La Foret, it was her private place of worship until 1942 when she died. It was donated to the United Church of Christs Rocky Mountain Conference in 1944. The chapels interior and exterior were restored using a State Historic Fund grant of $120,000.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is historically significant because it is a John Gaw Meem "Santa Fe Style" church building, built north of the San Luis Valley. The pueblo chapel is surrounded by a walled courtyard near a ravine in the Ponderosa pine forest. It appears much as it had when originally built with stuccoed walls, log vigas, a bell from "an old mission church in New Mexico". The two-storied building is entered through double carved wooden doors. It has an altar and north and south transepts, each with side porches. Inside the church are a number of wood carvings features. Eugenie Shonnard carved 20-foot reredos of seven saints. Archways to the transepts "rough hewn wood carvings". The altar, pulpit, lectern, and other furnishings are made of carved wood, also by Shonnard. Above the log vigas is a herringbone pattern made of Aspen saplings. Flagstone is used for flooring. A spiral staircase is used to access the second story where there is additional seating.</p><br>
<p>Bainbridge Bunting wrote in his book, ‘’John Gaw Meem: Southwestern Architect:’’</p><br>
<p>The Taylor chapel, Meem’s first essay in the traditional church form, was commissioned in 1928 by Mrs. Alice B. Taylor. As in his early Spanish-Pueblo houses, the forms here ten to be more picturesque, the batter of the walls is exaggerated, and the profiles of the parapets self-consciously irregular. The woodwork is also elaborately carved, much more so than any that survives in a mission church. This is especially true of two interior doors leading to the “transepts.” These and the reredos were carved by Meem’s friend Eugenie Shonnard...</p><br>
<p>It reflects Taylor&#39;s values of piety and simplicity, "passion for Southwestern art", and with an "unparalleled view" of Pikes Peak.</p><br>
<h2>La Foret</h2><br>
<p>The chapel is one of two historic properties located in the La Foret Conference and Retreat Center. The Ponderosa Lodge is also on the National Register of Historic Places. The center is located on 400 acres of meadows and Ponderosa pines.</p><br>
<p>The center had originally been a 500-acre summer estate of Alice Bemis Taylor, a philanthropist and an important Colorado Springs family. Mrs. Taylor held artist-in-residence programs on the estate she called La Foret. The Taylor Memorial Chapel was built one year after the lodge as a memorial to her husband, Frederick Morgan Pike Taylor. Alice Taylor died in 1942 and the property was deeded to the Colorado Congregational Church by the Bemis Taylor Foundation. The center is now open to United Church of Christ members, other denominations and organizations. La Foret now has a number of cabins, a dining hall, sports fields and courts, and outdoor theater seating.</p><br>
<h2>Black Forest fire</h2><br>
<p>Taylor Memorial Chapel and other buildings at La Foret Conference and Retreat Center were spared from the Black Forest fire (June, 2013), at least partly due to mitigation efforts.</p><br>
<p>The retreat center created the "Black Forest Strong" organization to serve as a resource to the recuperating Black Forest community. The seven point plan includes grief counseling, serving as a community resource center, providing aid to victims and organizing events. In addition, the plan includes preservation, reseeding efforts, and mitigation training and services.</p><br>
<p>The Old Trails Bridge is a historic bridge over the Colorado River in San Bernardino County and Mohave County in the United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . It has also been known as Topock Bridge and as Needles Bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The bridge carried a now-abandoned section of the former USA Route 66 across from southeast of Needles, California to south of Topock, Arizona. It is a brace-ribbed through arch bridge that was built in 1915–1916. It served as a highway bridge until 1947 when the Red Rock Bridge, formerly a railroad bridge, was modified for highway use. The Old Trails Bridge was later converted to a pipeline bridge.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the NRHP on September 30, 1988.</p><br>
<p>The bridge has been seen in a number of blockbuster films including The Grapes of Wrath and Easy Rider.</p><br>
<p>The Flora School, at 82744 Church St. in Flora, Oregon, is a historic Bungalow/craftsman-style former school building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Built in 1915, it was deemed significant for association with education and the community, and for its architecture. It is a 52 x building that, at the time of its 1996 NRHP nomination, had been vacant since 1977 and then had a weathered condition. It was added to the NRHP in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Reid House is a historic house located at 2013 S. Prairie Avenue in the Near South Side community area of Chicago, Illinois. Built in 1894, the house was designed by the firm Beers, Clay and Dutton in the Classical Revival style. The house&#39;s design features a narrow entry portico with Ionic columns and terra cotta decorations, a fanlight and sidelights on the front door, a cornice with a modillion, and Adamesque ornaments. In addition, the house was the first residence built with a steel frame. Chicago businessman William Henry Reid owned the house, which he built to replace his previous home at the same location.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 21, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Yew Hill-Robert Ashbys Tavern-Shackletts Tavern, known before 1760 as "Watts" or "Watts Ordinary", is a historic inn and tavern located near Delaplane, Fauquier County, Virginia. The main house was built about 1760–1761, and is a -story, three-bay, Colonial-era frame structure. It sits on a stone foundation and features a jerkin-head gable roof. Also on the property are the contributing meat house, built about 1760–1817; barn ; and spring house ruin . The building housed an ordinary from the time of its construction until 1879.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Heflins Store, also known as Stovers Store and Brawner&#39;s Store, is a historic general store located near Little Georgetown, Fauquier County, Virginia. It was built in 1845, and is a -story, three-bay, stuccoed rubble stone structure. It has a front gable roof. The building housed a general store from the time of its construction into the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Hollow is an historic property and dwelling located near Markham, Fauquier County, Virginia, USA A part of the John Marshall&#39;s Leeds Manor Rural Historic District, it was the boyhood home of Chief Justice John Marshall, and includes the second-oldest dated home in the county. Both the property and the district are listed in the Virginia Landmarks Register  and National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<p>The property measures 322.32 acres, and is situated about 24 miles north of Warrenton, the Fauquier County seat. It lies just north of the village of Markham and I-66. It is bounded on the west by Leeds Manor Road (State Route 688), on the south by Marshall School Lane, southeast by Beulah Road, east by Naked Mountain, and north by about 38.925° latitude and the Naked Mountain Winery.</p><br>
<p>The dwelling is a 1½-story, three-bay, Colonial-era frame structure, measuring about 28 x, built in 1763–64 near the southeast corner of the property, on a small ridge facing south towards Markham. It sits on an uncornsed fieldstone foundation. Also on the property are the contributing ruins of a meat house, built about 1763. The house was built by Colonel Thomas Marshall, a multi-term member of the House of Burgesses, county sheriff, clerk of the court, honored soldier and inventor, and father of Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court John Marshall.</p><br>
<p>Morven is a historic home located near Markham, Fauquier County, Virginia. The house consists of four one-to-two story, three-bay, gable-roofed houses dating from the late-18th to mid-19th centuries and in the Federal style. The houses were sequentially built in log, frame and stone at right angles of each other. The house is in a cross plan, with an open courtyard in the middle. Also on the property are the contributing meat house and stone summer kitchen .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Waveland is a historic plantation house and farm located near Marshall, Fauquier County, Virginia in the Carter&#39;s Run Rural Historic District. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004, and the surrounding district listed in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The surrounding land had been granted to Rev. Alexander Scott by Lord Fairfax in 1727, and later inherited by his nephew Rev. James Scott of Dettingen Parish in Prince William County, but the Scott family never lived on the property. In 1803, Cuthbert Scott and James Horner received the deeds, and four years later sold the land to local farmer and merchant James Morgan, who in 1811 also acquired an adjacent parcel from John Marshall. James Morgan and his brother William also operated several nearby grist and sawmills, as well as a business several counties to the west in Lynchburg. James Morgan actually lived on the "Clover Hill" plantation nearby, and after his death, his daughter Caroline married Dr. James Henry Loughborough (1807-1862). After a court-ordered distribution of the late James Morgans land, Dr. Loughborough made deals with William Morgan (either Carolines brother or uncle) and another man, acquired this property and built the mansion between about 1835 and 1839. However, he sold his Fauquier County medical practice in 1837, moved to Loudoun County by 1841, and moved his family to Louisiana in 1844. There, Dr. Loughborough owned a sugar plantation he called "Esperance" and after providing medical service during an epidemic in New Orleans which earned him a civic commendation, was elected to the Louisiana state senate. Dr. Loughborough had been born near Washington, D.C. where his father Nathan Loughborough served as a Treasury Department official under President John Adams and had become wealthy with investments in a bank as well as the Rockville Turnpike and later the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and had received his medical education in Philadelphia. During the American Civil War, Dr. Loughborough aligned with the Confederacy, and returned to Virginia after his son Nathan died at the Battle of Cheat Mountain. Although that death left Dr. Loughborough despondent and may have contributed to his death in April 1862, he and his wife had sold Waveland nearly two decades earlier to her brother William Morgan, and it had several owners before the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The property is also historically significant for its connection with John Augustine Washington III (1821-1861), who hired architect Edmund Lind in 1858 to construct an addition to Waveland after agreeing to sell Mount Vernon to the Mount Vernon Ladies Association. Not long after Washington occupied Waveland, he accepted a commission as Lt.Col. in the Confederate States Army, and died in September 1861, also during the Battle of Cheat Mountain. The ruins of Washingtons eight-dwelling slave quarter remained on the property at the time of its historic listing.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story, three bay by five bay, brick dwelling reflects the Greek Revival style. It has a front gable roof and sits on an English basement. A six-bay-wide, two bay-deep rear addition designed by noted English architect Edmund George Lind (1829–1909) was added in 1859, creating a "T"-plan dwelling. Also on the property are the contributing meat house (c. 1835), stuccoed frame farmhouse (c. 1860), cistern (c. 1835), stone spring house ruin (c. 1835), and stone slave quarters ruin (c. 1835).</p><br>
<p>The Dr. John and Viola Phillips House and Office, at S. 337 Spokane Ave. in Newport, Washington, is a historic house built in 1914. It includes Bungalow/craftsman architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 19.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant for association with "pioneer"-era physician Dr. John Phillips and</p><br>
<p>wife Viola, a registered nurse, who together served Newport from an office portion of this house, and also for its architecture. It is "a representative example" of a Craftsman-style bungalow. It was a work of local architect/engineer Harold A. Sewell and is well preserved. Dr. Phillips served Newport for 25 years, 13 in this house. Earlier he had bought an open-sided Mitchell automobile in 1907, the first car in Newport, which he used to rescue residents and help fire fighters during a major fire, the "Big Smoke", in 1910 (Great Fire of 1910?).</p><br>
<p>The Wallowa County Chieftain Building in Enterprise, Oregon is a historic building of the Wallowa County Chieftain newspaper that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>It is significant for its association with the Wallowa County Chieftain, which has run since 1884 and has served the county with general news and, at times, with controversy.</p><br>
<p>It is one of a few surviving historic buildings in Enterprise constructed of local "Bowlby stone&quot others are the NRHP-listed Wallowa County Courthouse and the Burnaugh Building. This building was built for the newspaper in 1915</p><br>
<p>Danebod  is a historic district at the south edge of the railway town of Tyler in southwestern Minnesota. Founded in 1885 by Danish Evangelical Lutherans led by Rev. Hans Jørgen Pedersen , the district comprises a group of buildings dating back to 1888 from Minnesotas oldest Danish immigrant settlement. Danebod remains until this day a predominantly Danish Lutheran, close-knit religious community. An annual celebration named Æbleskiver Days, held on the fourth weekend of July, celebrates Danish heritage and culture and includes a parade that goes down the towns main street with floats that are made by the various Danebod neighborhoods.</p><br>
<p>On the basis of its cultural and architectural significance, four buildings from Danebod were added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on June 30, 1975 as the "Danebod Historic Complex".</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name "Danebod" honors Denmark&#39;s first queen, Queen Thyra Danebod, the consort of tenth-century Danish king Gorm the Old. Queen Thyra is recorded in medieval accounts to have directed the building of the Danevirke, a defensive earthwork across Jutland as protection against foes to the south. Due to her importance and good policies, she was given the name Danebod, which can be variously translated as "one who mends, comforts, or saves the Danes".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The native inhabitants of the area which later became Danebod were the Dakota Sioux people.</p><br>
<h3>Establishment</h3><br>
<p>On September 8, 1872, two Danish pioneer pastors, Adam Dan and Rasmus Andersen, established a small organization in Neenah, Wisconsin, which later became the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. At one of the churches&#39; conventions in Clinton, Iowa, in 1884, the Danish farmer Rasmus Hansen of Elk Horn, Iowa, suggested that "the Danish Church should help all the families living around in cities, who would prefer living in the countryside, where they could find a fitting spot for a Danish colony." A committee was appointed for the purpose of finding a piece of land for the scattered Danish immigrants to settle. The committee consisted of the Grundtvigian Evangelical-Lutheran pastors F. L. Grundtvig (the son of N. F. S. Grundtvig), Kristian Anker, Rasmus Hansen, Jens C. Kjær, and C. Bruhn. This committee soon made arrangements with Winona and the St. Peter Railroad Company to purchase 35,000 acres of land in the southeastern part of Lincoln County, Minnesota. An agreement with the land agent, A. Bojsen, stipulated that for three years this land was to be sold only to Danish people. The land was rolling prairie by the hills of Buffalo Ridge, just south of the community of Tyler, Minnesota. By June 27, 1885, seventy settlers from various states, towns, and communities had made the area their home.</p><br>
<p>The pioneer settlers were all Grundtvigians; a faction within the Danish National Church. The Grundtvigians represented a nationalistic and liberal religious tradition, in staunch contrast to pietists and fundamentalists in the Church Association for the Inner Mission in Denmark. Grundtvigians believed in celebrating life, but they lived for the present, and were often nicknamed "Happy Danes". While salvation was the gift of Christianity, being saved was not a focus. The Bible was the Holy Book, but was not to be taken literally, and the Apostles Creed rather than the Bible was their source of Christianity. Grundtvigians were also nationalists who wanted to "rewaken the Danes in appreciation of their identity", and its founder, Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig, is quoted for his writing: "first a Dane and then a Christian" in 1848. The Grundtvigians stressed four elects of a "true people": a common land, a common language, a common history and forefathers, and common culture through songs, folk dancing, language, cuisine, etc. Grundtvigians established Danebod to "save the Danes from total Americanization", and the colonys only written and spoken language remained Danish for several decades after its establishment. On Sunday, June 28, 1885, the pioneers arranged a festival to celebrate the new colony. The population grew rapidly in the early 1890s, and by the year 1895, 222 people lived in the Danish Colony of Danebod.</p><br>
<h3>Late 19th century</h3><br>
<p>On July 11, 1886, a meeting was held at the home of P. N. Clausen at which the Danebod congregation was formally organized with fifteen members. The church council consisted of its president, P. N. Clausen, secretary M. Lauritsen, and treasurer Jørgen Jacobsen. At first there were no regular church services and no resident pastor. Instead, the people met in various homes to sing Danish hymns and listen to a reading of the sermon by a layman. The pastor of Sleepy Eye, Minnesota, S. C. Madsen, and other ministers occasionally conducted services in town. The congregation later hired the Danish settler, pastor Hans Jørgen Pedersen (1851–1905) of Gowen, Michigan. He arrived with his family on April 12, 1888. Pedersen had a humble upbringing in Denmark, where he later studied at Ryslinge Folk High School before emigrating to America in 1875. He was an eloquent preacher, resourceful, and became involved in community activities throughout the area. He quickly assumed leadership and thus, in a sense, became the founder of Danebod. One of the pastor&#39;s six children, Sigurd Pedersen, described their first arrival in Danebod in his autobiography: "It was a chilly morning, when the committee stood on the platform to bid welcome to the new pastor and his wife, trailed by six children, and the rear held up by the trusty hired man, Søren Olsen, who was to keep count of the straying flock and see that the last luggage was not forgotten. Friends invited us over for breakfast in the home of H. J. Nelsen, the merchant. Then the committee guided us to a small house on the corner just west of the present-day Chevrolet dealer, where businessman Carl Cold Sorensen brought the first automobiles to the area in the early 1900s. The committee had left no kindling in this small house, but Søren Olsen soon discovered that the kitchen range was in place and claimed to be able to manipulate the same if kindling could be provided. Across the street was a large general store, and father sent us there to beg Mr. Lauritsen for some kindling. We were given old boxes to break up, and we soon had our arms full and Søren had a blazing fire in a few minutes." In September 1888, it was decided at a convention in Elk Horn, Iowa, to give the congregation at Danebod 77 acres of land, and the Danebod Lutheran Church was dedicated on Sunday, June 16, 1895. Pedersen died in 1905, and the Reverend Thorvald Knudsen succeeded him at Danebod.</p><br>
<p>Pastor H. J. Pedersen, like most early pastors in the synod, had received his training in a folk school, and he was convinced that the success of the new congregation and colony depended on the establishment of such a Danish-speaking folk school. Danebod Folk School opened December 1, 1888, with Pedersen as president. Other teachers were Carl Hansen and Christian Hansen. Among the first students were Niels Petersen and Kristian Klink, both Danish immigrants. Klink was a stonemason educated in Denmark, and he helped pastor Pedersen in building the Stone Hall. It was built of native rock. Farmers hauled rocks from the shores of Swan Lake just south of Danebod, and Klink and his helpers split and shaped the rocks. The Stone Hall was finished in the fall of 1889, and the first public gathering in the Stone Hall was at Klink&#39;s funeral in November 1889. The Stone Hall quickly became the center of the new colony, and Sunday services were conducted here, as well as numerous weddings, baptisms and funerals. The students at the Danebod Folk School used the building as a gym hall, and young people would meet here to socialize, meet up with friends, and participate in singing games. Three years later, the Stone Hall was now too small for worship services. It was decided to build a new church, and the Cross Church at Danebod was dedicated on Sunday, June 16, 1895.</p><br>
<h3>Early 20th century</h3><br>
<p>A Ladies Aid society was established on July 15, 1903, with board members Marie Hovgaard, Anna P. C. Petersen, Henrietta Hansen, and Sine C. Jensen. At first, Sunday school was conducted an hour prior to the church services on Sunday, but in 1907 it was decided to hold Sunday school during the time of worship service. As early as 1904, the synod had discussed the possibility of establishing a childrens home at Tyler. On November 1, 1906, a children&#39;s home opened in the residence of K. H. Duus, who temporarily moved to Askov, Minnesota. A Folk School Association was organized in 1912. As early as 1888, the colony organized its first Danish elementary school for its children, Børneskolen, which was in use until 1939.</p><br>
<p>On Sunday, February 25, 1917, Danebod Folk School burned to the ground. Fortunately, the fire burned slowly. The students and the quickly summoned neighbors had time to rescue much of the furniture and other items of high value. Nearby buildings were saved, but the Folk School was beyond rescue. In the fall of 1917, nine months after the disastrous fire, a new and larger Folk School was dedicated. Speakers at the dedicatory exercises were Pastor Knudsen, C. P. Højbjerg, Aage Møller, P. Rasmussen, and Kristian Østergaard. Meanwhile, a terrible epidemic of influenza swept the county, and all churches and schools were temporarily closed in an effort to halt the deadly disease; but many people died. Another catastrophe followed on August 21, 1918, when a devastating tornado tore through Lincoln County. It was the fourth most deadly tornado in Minnesota history and took the lives of 36 people and injured a dozen more.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>Danebod has continued to be a haven for Danish culture through the 20th century and into the 21st. The elementary school, university, library, newspapers, and church services remained Danish language for decades (and remained the most widely spoken language until the 1940s). Danebod is sometimes referred to as "the home of the Nissemænd," a reference to the mythological tomte of folklore. There is a sign on Tyler Street saying: "Welcome to Tyler. Home of the Nissemaend".</p><br>
<p>During the 1930s, a combination of financial pressure and low enrollment forced the Danish-language based Danebod Folk School to close down. The building was re-opened in 1946 and has since 1947 offered annual summer family camps. and other Danish cultural experiences. In the spirit of the Danish Folk School system, camp attendees sing Danish songs, dance traditional Danish folk dance, work on crafts and have Danish-based lectures throughout the day.</p><br>
<p>There are several annual Danish-inspired celebrations in town, including the town parade, Grundlovsdag (Danish Constitution Day), Fastelavn, During this two-day festival held on the 4th weekend of every July, Danebod celebrates its Danish heritage and community. During this festival, there is a parade inspired by Danish traditions and culture that goes down Main Street with floats made by the various neighborhoods. Traditional Danish foods such as medisterpølse, frikadeller, rabarbergrød, rødkål, cream wafers, cinnamon sticks, rosettes, kisses, as well as æbleskiver, smørrebrød, Danish coffee, liver-pâté, and sweets are also popular during the festival. Other activities during Æbleskiver Days include traditional Danish folk dancing, Danish art displays, Danish folk song singing, children&#39;s activities, and the fairground fair called Tivoli The Scandinavian tradition of singing and dancing around the Christmas tree still takes place at the center of the Gym Hall during Christmas time. Some families keep up the tradition of celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24. There is a town fair on the Danish Constitution Day, June 5. There are still quite a few Danish speakers, especially among the elders.</p><br>
<h2>Danebod Historic Complex</h2><br>
<p>Recognized for its architectural and cultural significance, the Danebod Historic Complex, at 101 Danebod Court, was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on June 30, 1975. The complex includes four historic buildings: the Folk School (built in 1888, rebuilt in 1917), Stone Hall (1889), Cross Church or Danebod Lutheran Church (1893), and Gym Hall (1904). Most of these buildings survived the disastrous fire of 1917, except for the Folk School, which burned down and was rebuilt the same year. These buildings also stood through the devastating 1918 tornado, which killed 36 people in the community.</p><br>
<p>All four structures were built in a simplified Greek Cross floor plan to signify a religious purpose. Closest to Lake Danebod stands the Folk High School, a three-story wooden building with eight gables. Next to the Folk High School stands the multipurpose Stone Hall, and across the street stands the Gym Hall with its iconic twin towers. Danebod Lutheran Church is located on the town&#39;s main street, appropriately named Tyler Street, and is in the shape of a Greek cross on the outside.</p><br>
<p>The Danebod Lutheran Church (also known as the Cross Church at Danebod) was dedicated Sunday, June 16, 1895. It is a cruciform clapboard building with a square placed obliquely in the center. The tower in the middle is carried at a 45 degree angle to the arms of the cross. The outside and interior detailing of the church is Eastlake. It was built largely with volunteer labor and money pledged by the early settlers, who had little to give. Points of interest include the altar chairs, kerosene lamps, architectural structure, wainscoting walls and ceiling, porthole windows as in a ship, hand-carving on the altar, pulpit and railing, the candelabra and altar cloth, hand-carved stone baptismal font, the Star of Bethlehem in the ceiling, Bertel Thorvaldsen&#39;s statue of Christ, the Celtic cross, and pictures in the narthex. The church is located at 101 Danebod Court. The church was established by the organization that later became the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (DELCA). This organization later merged into the Lutheran Church in America (LCA) in 1962 and then into the largest Lutheran church in the USA in 1988: the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA). Danebod Lutheran Church remains a part of the ELCA still today.</p><br>
<p>The Danebod Stone Hall was built in 1889 and is a single-floor stone building in the form of a Latin cross. Its entrance wing features medieval-inspired crenellations, but the rest of the building with its pedimented windows are closer to being Greek Revival.</p><br>
<p>The Danebod Gym Hall was erected in 1904 and is a cruciform clapboard building. The two sides of the entrance arm project forward to the eaves, and the sides plus a small roof enclose the entrance. It was originally built as a space for Danish gymnastics, folk dancing, music, theatrical performances, larger social gatherings, and worship for the Folk School students and other locals. Every year in the Gym Hall, the Danebod Lutheran Church upholds the Danish tradition of dancing around the Christmas tree. The basement is also commonly used for crafts such as stained glass and woodworking. In 1928 it was enlarged with a stage, basement and furnace. Many home talent plays were presented there, and it is still used for an occasional play, and is also used by the camps and retreats for folk dancing. Points of interest are the statue with an original canvas curtain with advertising, bars used years ago by gymnasts (on the south wall), and the original wainscoting on the walls.</p><br>
<p>The Danebod Folk School was first built in the year 1888, but it burned to the ground on February 25, 1917. It was soon rebuilt, and nine months later the current school building was completed. A three-story brick building, it has gable ends carried up as parapets. The four-story crenelated corner tower and the pointed arches at the entrance are from Gothic and native Danish architecture. The Folk School was renovated in 1946 and is now used by the Danebod Lutheran Church for camps and retreats, and as a meeting place for local groups and clubs. Points of interest are the hand-carved podium in the lecture hall, the picture behind the podium, the hand-carved wooden cross on the podium, collection plates made by Dr. Thomsen, and also the statuary in the lecture hall and sitting rooms, pictures in the sitting rooms, and the small podium in the dining room. Early settlers of the colony founded a residential school in the Danish tradition of folk High Schools and fostered the concept of "learning for living", by which individuals sought to become enlightened and thoughtful citizens. The Folk School Building stands as a testament to these values, and continues to serve as a place for fellowship and lifelong learning. Each dormitory style room is unique in plan and decoration. A large kitchen and dining area provide a perfect setting for group meals and activities. A lecture hall and several classrooms allow ample space for programming.</p><br>
<p>Number 18 School in Marshall is a historic one-room school located at Marshall, Fauquier County, Virginia. It was built about 1887, and is a rectangular frame building, covered with weatherboard, and resting on a stone foundation, with a metal gable roof with a centrally located brick stove flue. Atop the roof is a reconstructed cupola. It is the only surviving unimpaired one-room schoolhouse in Fauquier County. It was originally constructed for white students, then from the fall of 1910 to 1964 , a school for African-American children.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Mount Hope is a historic home located near New Baltimore, Fauquier County, Virginia. The house was built in four periods from the early-19th to early-20th centuries. The main dwelling is a 2 ½-story, three-bay, frame dwelling on a stone foundation and in the Greek Revival style. It features a double-story porch with a hipped roof and square wooden columns. Also on the property are the contributing bank barn, a machine shed, a smokehouse, and a spring house dating from the 19th century; an early-20th-century shed; a well; and the Hunton Family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Mill House, also known as Chinns Mill and Hatchers Mill, is a historic grist mill complex located near Middleburg, Fauquier County, Virginia. All of the buildings in the complex are constructed of stone laid in a random-rubble pattern and some are of mixed stone and frame construction. They represent a late 18th- to early 19th-century rural Virginia grist mill operation, that was later transformed during the early-20th-century into a "hunt country" estate by John Shaffer Phipps. In addition to the mill itself, the complex includes the millers house, the coopers house and shop, the mill owner&#39;s house, and what was likely a dairy/smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Waverly, also known as Waverley, is a historic house located near Middleburg, Fauquier County, Virginia. The original section was built about 1790, and later enlarged about 1830, and enlarged and remodeled in the 1850s. It is a single-pile, center-hall, two-story dwelling, a typical example of an I-house. It has a long, two-story rear ell and has Gothic Revival style decorative detailing. The front facade features a full-width two-story portico with six square piers supporting a flat roof with a plain wooden parapet. The house was renovated after 1940 by architect David Adler.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Peyton House, built during 1831–34 in Raymond, Mississippi, appears to have been modeled upon Waverly.</p><br>
